Jul 08, 2009 You can also generate self signed SSL certificate for testing purpose. In this article, let us review how to generate private key file (server.key), certificate signing request file (server.csr) and webserver certificate file (server.crt) that can be used on Apache server with modssl. Key, CSR and CRT File Naming Convention. Apr 07, 2015 The SSL/TLS protocol uses a pair of keys – one private, one public – to authenticate, secure and manage secure connections. These keys are created together as a pair and work together during the SSL/TLS handshake process (using asymmetric encryption) to set up a secure session. The private key is a text file used initially to generate a Certificate Signing Request (CSR), and later to.
-->Azure App Service provides a highly scalable, self-patching web hosting service. This article shows you how to create, upload, or import a private certificate or a public certificate into App Service.
Once the certificate is added to your App Service app or function app, you can secure a custom DNS name with it or use it in your application code.
The following table lists the options you have for adding certificates in App Service:
| Option | Description |
|---|---|
| Create a free App Service Managed Certificate (Preview) | A private certificate that's easy to use if you just need to secure your wwwcustom domain or any non-naked domain in App Service. |
| Purchase an App Service certificate | A private certificate that's managed by Azure. It combines the simplicity of automated certificate management and the flexibility of renewal and export options. |
| Import a certificate from Key Vault | Useful if you use Azure Key Vault to manage your PKCS12 certificates. See Private certificate requirements. |
| Upload a private certificate | If you already have a private certificate from a third-party provider, you can upload it. See Private certificate requirements. |
| Upload a public certificate | Public certificates are not used to secure custom domains, but you can load them into your code if you need them to access remote resources. |
Prerequisites
To follow this how-to guide:
- Create an App Service app.
- Free certificate only: map a subdomain (for example,
www.contoso.com) to App Service with a CNAME record.
Private certificate requirements
Note
Azure Web Apps does not support AES256 and all pfx files should be encrypted with TripleDES.
The free App Service Managed Certificate or the App Service certificate already satisfy the requirements of App Service. If you choose to upload or import a private certificate to App Service, your certificate must meet the following requirements:
- Exported as a password-protected PFX file
- Contains private key at least 2048 bits long
- Contains all intermediate certificates in the certificate chain
To secure a custom domain in a TLS binding, the certificate has additional requirements:
- Contains an Extended Key Usage for server authentication (OID = 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.3.1)
- Signed by a trusted certificate authority
Note
Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) certificates can work with App Service but are not covered by this article. Work with your certificate authority on the exact steps to create ECC certificates.
Prepare your web app
To create custom security bindings or enable client certificates for your App Service app, your App Service plan must be in the Basic, Standard, Premium, or Isolated tier. In this step, you make sure that your web app is in the supported pricing tier.
Sign in to Azure
Open the Azure portal.
Navigate to your web app
Search for and select App Services.
On the App Services page, select the name of your web app.
You have landed on the management page of your web app.
Check the pricing tier
In the left-hand navigation of your web app page, scroll to the Settings section and select Scale up (App Service plan).
Check to make sure that your web app is not in the F1 or D1 tier. Your web app's current tier is highlighted by a dark blue box.
Custom SSL is not supported in the F1 or D1 tier. If you need to scale up, follow the steps in the next section. Otherwise, close the Scale up page and skip the Scale up your App Service plan section.
Scale up your App Service plan
Select any of the non-free tiers (B1, B2, B3, or any tier in the Production category). For additional options, click See additional options.
Generate rsa keys by OpenSSL Using OpenSSL on the command line you’d first need to generate a public and private key, you should password protect this file using the -passout argument, there are many different forms that this argument can take so consult the OpenSSL documentation about that. But I don't know if I get what you're trying to do (generate a key from a crt file), mainly because: genrsa is a command to generate a new key pair using RSA algorithm. In short, it generates 2 keys. Generate private key from crt openssl. Jul 08, 2009 You can also generate self signed SSL certificate for testing purpose. In this article, let us review how to generate private key file (server.key), certificate signing request file (server.csr) and webserver certificate file (server.crt) that can be used on Apache server with modssl. Key, CSR and CRT File Naming Convention. Create a new file using Notepad. Paste the information into the new Notepad file. Save the file as certificate.crt. Notepad should save this file as certificate.crt.txt. Rename the new Notepad file extension to.crt. Creating your privateKey.key file: Return to the certificate.txt file generated above. Crt and key files represent both parts of a certificate, key being the private key to the certificate and crt being the signed certificate. It's only one of the ways to generate certs, another way would be having both inside a pem file or another in a p12 container.
Click Apply.
When you see the following notification, the scale operation is complete.
Create a free certificate (Preview)
The free App Service Managed Certificate is a turn-key solution for securing your custom DNS name in App Service. It's a fully functional TLS/SSL certificate that's managed by App Service and renewed automatically. The free certificate comes with the following limitations:
- Does not support wildcard certificates.
- Does not support naked domains.
- Is not exportable.
- Does not support DNS A-records.
Note
The free certificate is issued by DigiCert. For some top-level domains, you must explicitly allow DigiCert as a certificate issuer by creating a CAA domain record with the value: 0 issue digicert.com.
To create a free App Service Managed Certificate:
In the Azure portal, from the left menu, select App Services > <app-name>.
From the left navigation of your app, select TLS/SSL settings > Private Key Certificates (.pfx) > Create App Service Managed Certificate.
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Any non-naked domain that's properly mapped to your app with a CNAME record is listed in the dialog. Select the custom domain to create a free certificate for and select Create. You can create only one certificate for each supported custom domain.
When the operation completes, you see the certificate in the Private Key Certificates list.
Important
To secure a custom domain with this certificate, you still need to create a certificate binding. Follow the steps in Create binding.
Import an App Service Certificate
If you purchase an App Service Certificate from Azure, Azure manages the following tasks:
- Takes care of the purchase process from GoDaddy.
- Performs domain verification of the certificate.
- Maintains the certificate in Azure Key Vault.
- Manages certificate renewal (see Renew certificate).
- Synchronize the certificate automatically with the imported copies in App Service apps.
To purchase an App Service certificate, go to Start certificate order.
If you already have a working App Service certificate, you can:
- Import the certificate into App Service.
- Manage the certificate, such as renew, rekey, and export it.
Start certificate order
Start an App Service certificate order in the App Service Certificate create page.
Use the following table to help you configure the certificate. When finished, click Create.
| Setting | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | A friendly name for your App Service certificate. |
| Naked Domain Host Name | Specify the root domain here. The issued certificate secures both the root domain and the www subdomain. In the issued certificate, the Common Name field contains the root domain, and the Subject Alternative Name field contains the www domain. To secure any subdomain only, specify the fully qualified domain name of the subdomain here (for example, mysubdomain.contoso.com). |
| Subscription | The subscription that will contain the certificate. |
| Resource group | The resource group that will contain the certificate. You can use a new resource group or select the same resource group as your App Service app, for example. |
| Certificate SKU | Determines the type of certificate to create, whether a standard certificate or a wildcard certificate. |
| Legal Terms | Click to confirm that you agree with the legal terms. The certificates are obtained from GoDaddy. |
Store in Azure Key Vault
Once the certificate purchase process is complete, there are few more steps you need to complete before you can start using this certificate.
Select the certificate in the App Service Certificates page, then click Certificate Configuration > Step 1: Store.
Key Vault is an Azure service that helps safeguard cryptographic keys and secrets used by cloud applications and services. Transfer microsoft office 2016 from pc to mac. It's the storage of choice for App Service certificates.
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In the Key Vault Status page, click Key Vault Repository to create a new vault or choose an existing vault. If you choose to create a new vault, use the following table to help you configure the vault and click Create. Create the new Key Vault inside the same subscription and resource group as your App Service app.
| Setting | Description |
|---|---|
| Name | A unique name that consists for alphanumeric characters and dashes. |
| Resource group | As a recommendation, select the same resource group as your App Service certificate. |
| Location | Select the same location as your App Service app. |
| Pricing tier | For information, see Azure Key Vault pricing details. |
| Access policies | Defines the applications and the allowed access to the vault resources. You can configure it later, following the steps at Grant several applications access to a key vault. |
| Virtual Network Access | Restrict vault access to certain Azure virtual networks. You can configure it later, following the steps at Configure Azure Key Vault Firewalls and Virtual Networks |
Once you've selected the vault, close the Key Vault Repository page. The Step 1: Store option should show a green check mark for success. Keep the page open for the next step.
Verify domain ownership
From the same Certificate Configuration page you used in the last step, click Step 2: Verify.
Select App Service Verification. Since you already mapped the domain to your web app (see Prerequisites), it's already verified. Just click Verify to finish this step. Click the Refresh button until the message Certificate is Domain Verified appears.
Note
Four types of domain verification methods are supported:
- App Service - The most convenient option when the domain is already mapped to an App Service app in the same subscription. It takes advantage of the fact that the App Service app has already verified the domain ownership.
- Domain - Verify an App Service domain that you purchased from Azure. Azure automatically adds the verification TXT record for you and completes the process.
- Mail - Verify the domain by sending an email to the domain administrator. Instructions are provided when you select the option.
- Manual - Verify the domain using either an HTML page (Standard certificate only) or a DNS TXT record. Instructions are provided when you select the option.
Import certificate into App Service
In the Azure portal, from the left menu, select App Services > <app-name>.
From the left navigation of your app, select TLS/SSL settings > Private Key Certificates (.pfx) > Import App Service Certificate.
Select the certificate that you just purchased and select OK.
When the operation completes, you see the certificate in the Private Key Certificates list.
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Important
To secure a custom domain with this certificate, you still need to create a certificate binding. Follow the steps in Create binding.
Import a certificate from Key Vault
If you use Azure Key Vault to manage your certificates, you can import a PKCS12 certificate from Key Vault into App Service as long as it satisfies the requirements.
In the Azure portal, from the left menu, select App Services > <app-name>.
From the left navigation of your app, select TLS/SSL settings > Private Key Certificates (.pfx) > Import Key Vault Certificate.
Use the following table to help you select the certificate.
| Setting | Description |
|---|---|
| Subscription | The subscription that the Key Vault belongs to. |
| Key Vault | The vault with the certificate you want to import. |
| Certificate | Select from the list of PKCS12 certificates in the vault. All PKCS12 certificates in the vault are listed with their thumbprints, but not all are supported in App Service. |
When the operation completes, you see the certificate in the Private Key Certificates list. If the import fails with an error, the certificate doesn't meet the requirements for App Service.
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To secure a custom domain with this certificate, you still need to create a certificate binding. Follow the steps in Create binding.
Upload a private certificate
Once you obtain a certificate from your certificate provider, follow the steps in this section to make it ready for App Service.
Merge intermediate certificates
If your certificate authority gives you multiple certificates in the certificate chain, you need to merge the certificates in order.
To do this, open each certificate you received in a text editor.
Create a file for the merged certificate, called mergedcertificate.crt. In a text editor, copy the content of each certificate into this file. The order of your certificates should follow the order in the certificate chain, beginning with your certificate and ending with the root certificate. It looks like the following example:
Export certificate to PFX
Export your merged TLS/SSL certificate with the private key that your certificate request was generated with.
If you generated your certificate request using OpenSSL, then you have created a private key file. To export your certificate to PFX, run the following command. Replace the placeholders <private-key-file> and <merged-certificate-file> with the paths to your private key and your merged certificate file.
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When prompted, define an export password. You'll use this password when uploading your TLS/SSL certificate to App Service later.
If you used IIS or Certreq.exe to generate your certificate request, install the certificate to your local machine, and then export the certificate to PFX.
Upload certificate to App Service
You're now ready upload the certificate to App Service.
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In the Azure portal, from the left menu, select App Services > <app-name>.
From the left navigation of your app, select TLS/SSL settings > Private Key Certificates (.pfx) > Upload Certificate.
In PFX Certificate File, select your PFX file. In Certificate password, type the password that you created when you exported the PFX file. When finished, click Upload.
When the operation completes, you see the certificate in the Private Key Certificates list.
Important
To secure a custom domain with this certificate, you still need to create a certificate binding. Follow the steps in Create binding.
Upload a public certificate
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In the Azure portal, from the left menu, select App Services > <app-name>.
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From the left navigation of your app, click TLS/SSL settings > Public Certificates (.cer) > Upload Public Key Certificate.
In Name, type a name for the certificate. In CER Certificate file, select your CER file.
Click Upload.
Once the certificate is uploaded, copy the certificate thumbprint and see Make the certificate accessible.
Manage App Service certificates
This section shows you how to manage an App Service certificate you purchased in Import an App Service certificate.
Rekey certificate
If you think your certificate's private key is compromised, you can rekey your certificate. Select the certificate in the App Service Certificates page, then select Rekey and Sync from the left navigation.
Click Rekey to start the process. This process can take 1-10 minutes to complete.
Rekeying your certificate rolls the certificate with a new certificate issued from the certificate authority.
Once the rekey operation is complete, click Sync. The sync operation automatically updates the hostname bindings for the certificate in App Service without causing any downtime to your apps.
Note
If you don't click Sync, App Service automatically syncs your certificate within 48 hours.
Renew certificate
To turn on automatic renewal of your certificate at any time, select the certificate in the App Service Certificates page, then click Auto Renew Settings in the left navigation. By default, App Service Certificates have a one-year validity period.
Select On and click Save. Certificates can start automatically renewing 60 days before expiration if you have automatic renewal turned on.
To manually renew the certificate instead, click Manual Renew. You can request to manually renew your certificate 60 days before expiration.
Once the renew operation is complete, click Sync. The sync operation automatically updates the hostname bindings for the certificate in App Service without causing any downtime to your apps.
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Note
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If you don't click Sync, App Service automatically syncs your certificate within 48 hours.
Export certificate
Because an App Service Certificate is a Key Vault secret, you can export a PFX copy of it and use it for other Azure services or outside of Azure.
To export the App Service Certificate as a PFX file, run the following commands in the Cloud Shell. You can also run it locally if you installed Azure CLI. Replace the placeholders with the names you used when you created the App Service certificate.
Add Private Key To Certificate
The downloaded appservicecertificate.pfx file is a raw PKCS12 file that contains both the public and private certificates. In each prompt, use an empty string for the import password and the PEM pass phrase.
Delete certificate
Deletion of an App Service certificate is final and irreversible. Deletion of a App Service Certificate resource results in the certificate being revoked. Any binding in App Service with this certificate becomes invalid. To prevent accidental deletion, Azure puts a lock on the certificate. To delete an App Service certificate, you must first remove the delete lock on the certificate.
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Select the certificate in the App Service Certificates page, then select Locks in the left navigation.
Find the lock on your certificate with the lock type Delete. To the right of it, select Delete.
Now you can delete the App Service certificate. From the left navigation, select Overview > Delete. In the confirmation dialog, type the certificate name and select OK.
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